Special Education Flashcard

Special Education

Propaganda Essays

Propaganda Essays Propaganda Essay Propaganda Essay Propaganda is all around you; you hear it, you see it, you even smell it from time to time. One thing that you may not know is that there are many types of propaganda, and they are all very different, but accomplish the same goal. You even use propaganda from a day to day basis and you may not even know it. This has bee demonstrated in the novel Animal Farm where there is a lot of propaganda. In this story, if you watch what is going on and what the animals are saying and doing you will witness propaganda at work everywhere. There are many types of propaganda, and they all work differently. The â€Å"fakery† technique attempts to deceive the consumer into thinking that the product is good without ever describing the real merits of the product. An example of this could be a soda pop commercial where they only say that it tastes â€Å"great! † but they never say what it does for your health such as give a caffeine boost or satisfy the consumer’s caffeine and or sugar cravings. Another type of propaganda is called â€Å"association. † Association is used when an object is being sold in the same picture with an object that is considered very impressive. For example when a U. S. resident gives a speech with an important backdrop (ie. Aircraft carrier). These are only two examples of the many forms of propaganda that are very different but accomplish the same thing. Like I said, propaganda is all around us, and you can’t escape it. Its on television, in schools, even on the clothing that you’re wearing at this moment. It influences yo u because you can’t escape it. It’s thrown at you all of the time and since it’s all around you, you grow accustomed to it. Familiarity lowers our defenses and we â€Å"let our guard down† and absorb it into our unconciousness. After a while you start to associate the products that the propaganda represents. It the propaganda has been successful you’ll want to buy the product it represents. The type of propaganda that affects me the most as a consumer is that which appeals to my sense of humor. The funny commercials and advertisements make me want to buy their product whatever it is. For example there is this commercial for Pepsi Max that has a fun and up-tempo song in it but everyone pictured is falling asleep. As soon as they take a sip of the Pepsi Max they become alive and vigorous. They act somewhat strange but do many humorous things. After seeing this commercial I wanted to buy their product in hopes of acting like the people pictured, and the next time I went to a gas station I grabbed Pepsi Max just because of propaganda. There are many uses of propaganda in the story Animal Farm, from the beginning of the story when the Old Major gave his riveting speech and â€Å"razzed† all of the animals, to the end of the book when â€Å"Squealer† took the sheep away from the rest of the animals and taught them to chant, â€Å"Four legs good, two legs better! † The propaganda found in Animal Farm is mainly just catchy slogans and speeches that â€Å"Napoleon† thought up and â€Å"Squealer† spread. There were a lot specific types of propaganda that are found in this story and they are; â€Å"feelings†, â€Å"Attitudes†, â€Å"Diversions†, â€Å"Loophole Fallacies†, â€Å" Oversimplification†, â€Å" Black or White Fallacy†, â€Å"Changing the Meaning†, and many more. Napoleon and Squealer used these speeches and slogans to practically brainwash the common animals into the pigs had the same agenda and interests that they had. Even though Squealer was the largest spreader of the propaganda all of the animals are to blame for the spread of it, because they repeatedly said the slogans and quoted the speeches that Napoleon made. Even Boxer made some chants that helped him and the other animals work harder when building the windmill and other jobs around the farm. The propaganda in Animal Farm worked because it was engrained into the heads of each and every one of the animals. In the start of the story the pigs got the animals to let their guards down by making them think that they were on the animals’ side. The pigs made it seem as if everything they did was for the best interest of all the animals. Once the pigs gained the trust of the common animals, they started giving themselves privileges and justified those privileges by saying things like, â€Å"We deserve to get more food because we do all of the thinking. † and other well worded lines that made it seem like it was for the â€Å"greater good† when in reality they didn’t. Some other propaganda that was used in this story and worked the best didn’t even come from the pigs; it came from some of the common animals like Boxer. Since Boxer was one of the most respected animals on the farm when he made a catchy slogan it caught on like wildfire. Some examples are â€Å"I must work harder. and â€Å"Napoleon is always right. † Those were extra strong with the common animals because boxer was one of them, and the animals believed that they should adopt those because of that. All of this propaganda coming from different places helped to brainwash the animals. After the animals were brainwashed t he pigs were able to do whatever they wanted to without repercussions. It is evident that propaganda can move mountains when used in the most effective ways. One must be aware that when using propaganda, you can’t let it change you or the things you want to accomplish. Propaganda can be your friend or foe depending on how you use it.

Krispy kreme doughnut Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Krispy kreme doughnut - Research Paper Example azil can be found in South America wherein it is one of the populous and largest countries not just in the Latin border but also in the entire world (â€Å"CIA†). Brazil’s bigger portion of population can be found in the major cities in South-East region namely: Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte and Brasilia (capital). The population had reached to 201,103,330 wherein 53.7% of the ethnic groups are white and the rest are mixed, black and unspecified. Brazil’s official language is Portuguese; and in terms of religion, Roman Catholic obtained the highest percentage which is 74%. Brazil’s big population and diversity are among the good reasons why it should be the best candidate for a new market. History. For almost three centuries, Brazil is under the Portuguese regime but the country had attained its independence (Levine). During the 19th century, the country’s military rule ended and a constitution for civilian rulers had been approved. Brazil gained its independence from the military command and consequently the government has been improved, and restrictions in the economy as well as slavery have been abolished. These are the reasons why more and more people have decided to migrate in Brazil, and one of those reasons is the government structure. Political and Economic Environment. In the top ten largest economies in terms of Gross Domestic Product, Brazil is at the ninth place with a GDP of $4.51.7 billion (Patterson). Brazil is only an emerging country; however the economy is well-developed and industrialized. Even though Brazil is experiencing an economic growth from its agricultural products, still agriculture in the country accounted lesser compared to the growth of industrialization. The taxation system of Brazil has â€Å"poorly structured revenue system characterized by heavy tax burdens, a narrow taxable base, complicated levies and widespread tax evasion† (Butler). In terms of entering the Brazilian market, Krispy Kreme is required to

Why Finland Education Model will not work for the United States Essay

Why Finland Education Model will not work for the United States Education System - Essay Example These include; institutional design, funding, and Teacher training- teacher retention. Critical analysis of these factors and their application between the two countries explains the variation in their education performance ranking. Unless united States initiate reforms on its institutional designs, it will lag behind Finland in terms of its overall education system performance. The Finland government has centralized education policy decisions under the ministry of education. This means that the curriculum structure is uniform and tests are homogeneous across the whole country. Such institutional design means that diverse teaching skills are applicable in different settings and learners abilities. This offers better opportunities for the children and teachers with unique differences to work towards a common goal. This explains the outstanding performance of the education system in Finland as seen from its high global ranking over United States. In-depth assessment of the institutional design of United States exposes significant flaws that make its education system relatively poor (Tiina and Markku, 2007). The curriculum development and implementation has been decentralized to individual states. This has placed significant accountability pressure on the teachers and placed much emphasis on passing tests. This design means that the socio-economic diversity in terms of learning ability, teaching skills among teachers and students is disregarded. This has been in force since the passing of No Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act (2002) by President George Bush administration. This has seen teachers concentrate on tests which fail to capture other important aspects of learning among students’ hence poor math and language skills mastery progress. It is therefore evident that while Education in Finland is managed from national platform, the United States has left education management in the

Business needs to be more regulated Research Paper

Business needs to be more regulated - Research Paper Example other hand those in favor of strict government regulations argue that free markets are not as efficient as they may seem and due to their competitive nature, they involve in practices that impacts the society in a negative manner. Businesses need to be more regulated because businesses are inefficient, businesses are indulging in unethical practices, and there are monetary and physical losses of lack of strict regulation. Regulations governing businesses need to be increased and should be more stringent in nature because less regulation is resulting in inefficient use of resources which are already limited in supply. Competition between businesses has increased and they are trying to find methods through which they can produce more in order to capture a higher proportion of market share. Due to this more products that are homogenous in nature are being produced and the number of goods and services being produced are more than the number of goods and services being demanded. Due to this a major percentage of the produced goods and services are being left unused and wasted. This wastage of goods and services is resulting in an increase in the inefficient ways of using resources that are already limited in number. This inefficient use of resources proves that the model of free market is failing to meet its promise of efficient use of resources. According to a news article published in Liberation News, e ach year around 3 million individuals of the United States experience the state of homelessness and to cover these three million individuals, there were 18 million houses available and vacant (pslweb.org, 2013). This shows that due to competition, constructors have built more houses than the number of houses demanded in United States. This even show that the resources used to make these houses will continue to be unused until there are enough people to occupy them. These resources could have been used in other projects. Another reason due to which more regulations

Features of Java Operating System

Features of Java Operating System Introduction: When 1st java card details were issued, the card chips where 8 bits with a few hundred of bytes of RAM and a few kilo bytes of EEPROM. These sever constraints led the java card forum and Sun to issue a had lots of limitations compared to standard java. This specification does not specify and operating system but an execution environment that most player in the smart card industry is able to implement on top of his own proprietary operating system. The silicon market evolution seems to indicate that next generation products will be based on much more powerful machines (32bits, 64bits, RISC, cache are becoming common in chip category) the smart card industry, through the java card forum, has clearly indentified this evolution and has started initiatives like the java card 3.0 details process that aim to define upcoming version of java card adapted nest era of hardware with this hardware evolution, java has also evolved a lot. It is more limited to the desktop environment and is now present in both the server market with J2EE and in the embedded system market with J2ME. This evolution brought interesting feature to the java platform process for running long lived application are popular on the server side and less java subset applicable to categories of devices has been defined with J2ME configuration. The purpose of this assignment is to have overview of what can be considered now as the less java feature that can be integrated to modern smart card hardware and how these features that can be integrated to modern smart card hardware and how these features can be turned into a card operating system that cope with the smart card industry particular constraint like big production, personalization post issuance. The reason for targeting an operating system instead of an additional software layer like its done in the computer world with standard JDK is to use java as the unique hardware abstraction for applications without intermediate levels to reduce the workload and increase the efficiency. Features of Java Operating System: The java platform defined in different techniques the java VM (Virtual Machine) specification and the java language specification. In the context of operating system these techniques are only relevant at the running environment level. The selection of the java Operating System features is guided by the classical needs of OS. The coding, linking, running engine and memory management for the performance. Class file of Java: The class file is Java define in the JVM (Java Virtual Machine) specification as delivery format for the code of classed to load into a Java VM. This format is considered to be verbose and not compact, but it has some other properties that provide a maximum flexibility both for the development and for the code application update. Other formats such as the Java card 2.x Cap file or the JEFF file format are focusing on reducing file size using the command and techniques like linking information removal or file structure reorganization. These techniques have good result in size reduction but induce deployment constraints depending on the degree of size reduction for example a Cap file can be ten percent size of the equivalent set of class files, but it requires an off card conversion step for the developer and to maintain off card a database of linking information to perform card pre linking which is painful work for deployment and card management. We argue that on card class file processing that provides the same reduction ration as the JEFF conversion fifty percent reduction. The process explaining more detail in figure below. Since the load link operation occurs only once in the life times on the class, we think that the development benefits brought by loading standard class files are worth the effort of loading the class file in its entirety and applying an on board conversion process that enable to store in card memory a structure equivalent to fifty percent of the original class file size. One of the main industrial profits of choosing the class file and defining you own conversion process is that it gives freedom for differentiation most of the card manufacture can choose an internal format adapted to his own particular constraints. Engine Multithreaded Execution: the java platform has native support for multithreaded and synchronization and even in the lowest configuration defined for the embedded system market like CLDC, this help to maintained the one may think that for embedded and resource constrained devices the Support for the multithreading may be too heavy to be reasonable, well there are lots of reason to have multithreading support in the core of very small java operating system. The core reason is that it enables to write power application framework on top of the Operating System, in java without needing complex native modifications of the Operating System and its happen when the SIM Toolkit application model has been explained in java card. There are also lots of classical reasons to use threads that are briefly described in the literature. In limited devices like smart cards, memory such as the Virtual Machine implements must be carefully choose an efficient and resource helping implementation of the multithreading support. The existence of java application only on the top of java operating system collaborating with native code and not with native application like in a desktop computer seems to support a green thread like implementation rather than a native thread implementation. Java Memory Management: One of the interesting feature of Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is the automatically garbage collected heap that is used to allocate java objects when they are created, letting the burden of moving, compacting, freeing the memory to the system instead of the developer. This interesting feature was lacking in the java card specification and give the developer of complex applications to developer their own memory management routines within the application code, which is written in java, this disadvantage of java card to behave as an Operating System. The programs shouldnt handle such sensitive task. There are several types of garbage collectors but the ones that seem the more appropriate to smart card like environments are generational collector. This type of collector are well adapted to server like long lived application which is typically the case of smart card program. Actually the memory manage for the object instances is separate from the memory management of system data like description, threads, code, classes, objects. This normally leading toward the complexity, bigger footprint of the memory management and static segmentation of the memory. We are experimenting an alternative to such a split organization that is to use unified object oriented memory management and static segmentation of the memory. We are experimenting an alternative to such a split organization that is to use a unified object oriented memory manager that both types of programs and system objects, in this case most of the things in the system is an object including java objects instances, loaded, code, classes and every object in the system is subject to garbage collection. This memory management leads to easy management code which is then hopefully smaller and more robust. Different Application Models: Most of the earlier feature of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) describe above have common objective put in the Operating System the functionality that will make smaller and more efficient application. One great strength of java that was lost in java card and that we think must be reconsidered for next generation smart card Operating System is to be application model independent. The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) doesnt clarify a particular application model, but gives all the core features that are necessary to build various successful frameworks such as applets, serves or RMI Objects. Configurations: The smart card program and system designers and developers have considerations that are very similar to the people working in the mass production embedded system devices market. How to debugging fast/safely the Operating System and the programs, how to build quickly a product configuration, and how to decline and Operating System in product range to leverage the investment. There is more, the smart card industry has his own particularities like for instance the need for personalization of every issued card with the holder information. Development Issues: The use of java is in itself the beginning of a solution for some of these problems, because of the wide range of products freely or commercially available to help designers and developers. But the high safety exigency on smart card products implies that maximum effort must be made on any tools that would allow the developers to operate in an environment as close as possible to the actual device. Debugging the code while it runs. Issues: Product issue and other tools are help in the production and personalize phase of the cards. The ROM intervenes at the production step, to generate the code to mask into the chips ROM. It is complemented by the memory serialize which is used to build memory images saves in files. It will be sent to the card at initialization and personalize time to build the right memory structure that will put the card in the right state. Such tools are usually difficult to write and to maintain, but these tasks can be greatly simplified using the introspection capabilities provided by the unified object oriented memory management introduce above. Integrated Operating System: A solution to minimize the cost of these tools is to build an operating system that includes them from the beginning, in a configurable manner, and that can be declined from the same set of sources in different editions adapted to the targeted device. Such a configurable Operating System is illustrated in the following figure. Feature Categories Developer edition of the Operating System would include any developer features like an embedded debugging interface based on the JPDA standard, a shell based console to administer the Operating System load remove classes, create threads. Such a complete edition would of course run on computer and on emulator only not on real cards. Another declination would be the post issuance enabled edition that would be the high end embeddable version of the Operating System, targeted for high end cards with post issuance facilities with a loader linker. On the other eternity would be the minimal edition, targeted for low end cards, without any post issuance capabilities, that would have a much smaller footprint. Conclusion: In this assignment we have highlighted some features of an embedded java Operating System suitable for next generation smart cards considered as java micro server platforms. Three important java Operating System characteristic have been explained class file format acquisition, multithreaded support and unified memory management. Their implementation has been shown feasible and their usage and advantages has been explained in the context of configurable card platform architecture. Thanks to tools such shell console, debugger, ROMizer and Serialzier, the migration path from a rich platform configuration up to a customized platform configuration has been explained. The overall advantages of this embedded java Operating System architecture is its adaptability for being used, on one hand as full fledge java environment to quickly develop and test programs and on the another hand as an engineering environment for mass production of optimized embedded code hosted by limited devices. Though originally developed in the context smart cards, such architecture could be suitable in any embedded system device in which the java development platform can different from the final Java deployment platform. References: [1] The Java Card Virtual Machine specification 2.1.1. Sun Microsystems http://java.sun.com/products/javacard/ [2] Java 2 Micro Edition, Sun Microsystems http://java.sun.com/j2me/ [3] Java Virtual Machine Specification, Tim Lindholm, Frank Yellin. Sun Microsystems. http://java.sun.com/docs/books/vmspec/index.html [4] Java Language Specification, James Gosling, Bill Joy, Guy Steele, Gilad Bracha. Sun Microsystems. http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/index.html [5] The JEFF File Format, J-Consortium http://www.j-consortium.org/jeffwg/index.shtml [5] J2ME Connected Limited Device Configuration http://java.sun.com/products/cldc/ [6] Sim API for Java Card, ETSI TS 143 019 V5.2.0 (2002-03) http://www.etsi.org [7] Concurrent Programming in Java. D. Lea. Sun Microsystems, 1999. ISBN 0-201-31009-0, Addison-Wesley [8] Java Platform Debugger Architecture, Sun Microsystems, http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.3/docs/guide/jpda/index.html Master of Science BITE Innovative Technology 1

The Blue-collar Appeal of Hard Times Essay -- Dickens Hard Times Essay

The Blue-collar Appeal of Hard Times   Ã‚   In Hard Times, Charles Dickens gives us a close-up look into what appears to be the ivory tower of the bourgeoisie of his day, yet these middle-class characters are viewed from a singular perspective, the perspective of those at the bottom of the social and economic system. Though Dickens’ characters tend to be well developed and presented with a thoroughly human quality, the stereotypical figure of arrogant and demanding Bounderby fails to accurately capture the motivations and attitudes of the typical successful businessman of the day and is an indication of the author’s political motives. Hard Times, rather than presenting a historically accurate picture of the extraordinary changes brought about by the industrial revolution, is a one-sided attack on the utilitarian value system of the middle 19th century based upon emotional blue-collar appeals for labor sympathy that are not uncommon in today’s corporate environment.   Ã‚  Ã‚   Josiah Bounderby of Coketown represents the utilitarian attitude and, as such, is the villain of the story and clearly the target of Dickens’ political argument. Dickens characterizes Bounderby as a powerful individual, driven by greed and guided by a distorted view of human nature. He is the only wealthy industrialist introduced in Hard Times, although Mr. Sleary might arguably be considered the more virtuous businessman. Dickens clearly portrays Bounderby as a greedy and individualistic, self-serving capitalist; rather than an insightful, forward-looking crafter of a new industrial age. Dickens artfully weaves his political enemy into a pompous, arrogant image reinforced with traditional working-class themes that lead the reader to conclude that Bounderby, ... ...nate and truly human society should strive to benefit all classes of its citizens.    Works Cited Coolidge, Archibald C., Jr. Charles Dickens as Serial Novelist. Ames, IA: Iowa State University Press, 1967. Hayek, F. A., ed. Capitalism and the Historians. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 1954. Laughlin, J. Lawrence. The Elements of Political Economy. New York, NY: 1896. Malthus, Thomas. First Essay on Population, 1798. London, England: Macmillan & Company. 1926. Marx, Karl. "Capital." Great Books of the Western World. Vol. 50. Ed. Robert Hutchins. Chicago, IL: Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica. 1982. Veblen, Thorstein. Selected Writings of Thorstein Veblen. Ed. Wesley C. Mitchell. New York, NY: Viking Press. 1947. Wilson, John F. British Business History: 1720-1994. Manchester, England: Manchester University Press. 1995.